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Hello everyone! Welcome to my blog which will keep me company throughout the journey of developing a ray tracer for CENG795 - Special Topics: Advanced Ray Tracing course. Stay tuned for the updates!

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Part 4: Texture, Normal and Bump Mapping & Perlin Noise

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The fourth part of the ray tracer is all about textures. For this part, the following features are introduced: 1. Texture Mapping In this version of the ray tracer, three types of textures ( Image , Perlin and Checkerboard textures) are supported. For this reason, I decided to implement a base Texture class, and three derived classes called ImageTexture , PerlinTexture and CheckerboardTexture . For texture mapping, there are several options for using the color value obtained from the texture:   - Replace all: Disable all shading computations and just paste the texture color on the object.   -  Replace kd: Normalize the color value obtained from the texture to [0,1] range and use it as the diffuse reflectance constant (kd) directly.   - Blend kd: Normalize the color value obtained from the texture to [0,1] range and take the average of the obtained value and the provided diffuse reflectance constant (kd). Use this value as the new kd.   - Replace backgroun...
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Part 3: Transformations, Instancing, Multisampling & Distribution

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For the third part, a lot of new features are introduced to the ray tracer. 1. Transformations In order to implement transformations, firstly I implemented a Matrix4f class which is able to support basic matrix operations such as inverse, transpose, multiplication with another matrix or a vector etc. Three types of transformations which are Translation , Rotation and Scaling are supported in this new version of the ray tracer. While parsing the scene, final Transformation Matrices are stored for each object, which will be used for transforming Rays , Hits and BoundingBoxes later. For meshes, the transformation matrix is stored only for the main mesh object, not for all of its children triangles. In addition, for transforming bounding boxes, transformations are applied to all 8 corners of the bounding box and the new bounding box is computed based on these new corners, instead of applying the transformations directly to the min and max corners. To intersect rays with the transformed...
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Part 6: BRDFs

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The sixth part of the ray tracer contains less complicated features compared to the previous parts. BRDFs control how much light is reflected from a surface for each incoming and outgoing light direction. They are used for computing diffuse and specular shadings at a given point. Until now, only Blinn-Phong shading model was supported. In this part, the following types of BRDFs are implemented: 1. Phong BRDF 2. Modified Phong BRDF 3. Normalized Modified Phong BRDF 4. Blinn-Phong BRDF 5. Modified Blinn-Phong BRDF 6. Normalized Modified Blinn-Phong BRDF 7. Torrance-Sparrow BRDF The only difference of the modified versions from the original versions of the Phong and Blinn-Phong BRDFs is that the cosine terms in the denominators are removed while the rest stays the same. Normalization is performed in order to ensure that the BRDFs are energy conserving. The formulas also ensure that the summation of diffuse reflectance constant (kd) and specular reflectance constant (ks) is less than or e...
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